Headaches are a common occurrence among children and teenagers, with more than half of them experiencing headaches at some point in their young lives. By the age of 18, a significant majority of adolescents have encountered these unwelcome guests. While most childhood headaches are linked to viral illnesses, some are migraines. Surprisingly, recurring migraines afflict as many as one in ten children and teenagers.
Migraines in Children: An Early Onset
Migraines in children may not be as well-known, but they are more common than you might think. By the age of 10, approximately one in 20 children has experienced a migraine. In some cases, migraines may even manifest earlier. Notably, before puberty, both boys and girls are equally likely to be affected. However, after puberty, migraines become more prevalent in girls.
Common Migraine Symptoms in Children
Migraines can be a complex puzzle to solve, particularly in children. Unlike in adults, where migraines are often one-sided, in children, they are more likely to affect both sides of the head, often manifesting in both temples or both sides of the forehead.
While distinguishing a migraine from other types of headaches can be challenging, some common migraine symptoms in children include:
- Throbbing pain
- Nausea
- Sensitivity to light and noise
It’s worth noting that the visual disturbances frequently experienced in adult migraines, such as flashing lights, are less common in children. However, parents may observe signs like fatigue, irritability, or paleness before the onset of a migraine, and these symptoms may persist even after the migraine has subsided.
Understanding the Causes of Migraines in Children
The exact cause of migraines remains somewhat elusive. While it was once believed that blood flow to the brain played a central role, that theory has lost traction. Current understanding suggests that migraines may be triggered by heightened sensitivity and reactivity of the nerves, which can be set off by various stimuli, including stress, fatigue, or hunger. Moreover, migraines often run in families. Most individuals with migraines have relatives who experience migraines as well.
Preventing Migraines in Children
Preventing migraines in children often involves identifying and avoiding triggers. As triggers can vary from person to person, keeping a headache diary can be a valuable tool. Whenever your child experiences a headache, record the circumstances leading up to it, the intensity, location, and any factors that provided relief. This diary will help both you and your doctor identify patterns and understand your child’s specific triggers.
Easing Your Child’s Migraine
When a migraine strikes, sometimes finding solace in a dark, quiet room with a cool cloth on the forehead is sufficient. If the pain persists, ibuprofen or acetaminophen, at the appropriate dose recommended by your doctor, can provide relief. However, it’s crucial not to exceed these medications for more than about 14 days a month, as overuse can lead to rebound headaches and exacerbate the problem.
Prescription Medications for Children with Migraines
If the mentioned strategies are insufficient, there’s a class of medications called triptans that can be effective in halting migraines in children aged six and older. In cases where migraines are frequent or severe, leading to missed school days or other disruptions, doctors may consider preventive medications. There are various options, and your doctor can help determine the most suitable one for your child. For some girls, migraines may coincide with their menstrual cycles. I
When to Consult Your Doctor
If you suspect your child may be dealing with migraines, it’s essential to schedule an appointment with your doctor, bringing along the headache diary. During the visit, your doctor will conduct a thorough evaluation, including questions, a physical examination, and a diagnosis. Together, you can devise a tailored plan for your child’s well-being.
In conclusion, understanding migraines in children is the first step toward providing the necessary support and care. By recognizing the signs, implementing preventive measures, and seeking professional guidance when needed, you can help your child navigate the challenges of migraines and ensure their well-being.
